Selection Statement in C# Language

[JosephG420]

Objective

In programming language, selection statement is very important. With selection statement, you can control the flow of program, and produce a valid output. This section will guide you how to use some selection statements in basic.

Let's go

Selection statement enable you to execute specific blocks of code based on the results of a condition. Here we have two basic selection statement: If statement and switch statement.

If statement

The basic structure of If statement is listed bellow:

1. If
   
   (
   
   condition)
   
   {
   
2. //statement control you operation
   
3. }
   
4. //optional
   
5. else
   
   if
   
   {
   
6. //statement control you operation
   
7. }
   
8. //optional
   
9. else
   
   {
   
10. //statement control you operation
    
11. }
    

Note that if you have “else if” in the if block, so you must need “else” in the end of the block. The sample bellow describes more detail of If statement:

1. class
   
   Polygon{
   
2. static
   
   void
   
   Main(
   
   string
   
   [
   
   ]
   
   args)
   
3. {
   
4. Polygon mPolygon =
   
   new
   
   Polygon(
   
   )
   
   ;
   
5. mPolygon.
   
   checkPolygon
   
   (
   
   3
   
   )
   
   ;
   
6. mPolygon.
   
   checkPolygon
   
   (
   
   5
   
   )
   
   ;
   
7. 
   
8. }
   
9. 
   
10. /*
    
11. * this function will check whether a polygon is a triangle or a rectagle
    
12. */
    
13. private
    
    void
    
    checkPolygon(
    
    int
    
    num_of_edge)
    
14. {
    
15. if
    
    (
    
    num_of_edge==
    
    3
    
    )
    
    {
    
    //if number of edge is 3, then polygon is triangle
    
16. Console.
    
    WriteLine
    
    (
    
    "polygon is triangle"
    
    )
    
    ;
    
17. }
    
18. else
    
    if
    
    (
    
    num_of_edge ==
    
    4
    
    )
    
    //if number of edge is 4, then polygon is rectangle
    
19. {
    
20. Console.
    
    WriteLine
    
    (
    
    "polygon is rectangle"
    
    )
    
    ;
    
21. }
    
22. else
    
    //if not, don't know what it is.
    
23. {
    
24. Console.
    
    WriteLine
    
    (
    
    "let me check..."
    
    )
    
    ;
    
25. }
    
26. }
    
27. }
    

We can also use nested statement to more flexible in controlling the flow. Let’s write the above example again:

1. class
   
   Polygon
   
2. {
   
3. static
   
   void
   
   Main(
   
   string
   
   [
   
   ]
   
   args)
   
4. {
   
5. Polygon mPolygon =
   
   new
   
   Polygon(
   
   )
   
   ;
   
6. mPolygon.
   
   checkPolygon
   
   (
   
   3
   
   )
   
   ;
   
7. mPolygon.
   
   checkPolygon
   
   (
   
   5
   
   )
   
   ;
   
8. }
   
9. 
   
10. /*
    
11. * this function will check whether a polygon is a triangle or a rectagle
    
12. */
    
13. private
    
    void
    
    checkPolygon(
    
    int
    
    num_of_edge)
    
14. {
    
15. if
    
    (
    
    num_of_edge==
    
    3
    
    )
    
    {
    
    //if number of edge is 3, then polygon is triangle
    
16. Console.
    
    WriteLine
    
    (
    
    "polygon is triangle"
    
    )
    
    ;
    
17. }
    
18. else
    
19. {
    
20. if
    
    (
    
    num_of_edge ==
    
    4
    
    )
    
    {
    
    //if number of edge is 4, then polygon is rectangle
    
21. 
    
22. Console.
    
    WriteLine
    
    (
    
    "polygon is rectangle"
    
    )
    
    ;
    
23. }
    
    else
    
24. {
    
25. Console.
    
    WriteLine
    
    (
    
    "let me check..."
    
    )
    
    ;
    
26. }
    
27. 
    
28. }
    
29. }
    
30. 
    
31. }
    

Switch statement

C# provides a much easier way to modify program flow based on multiple values staored in a variable: the switch statement. The format of the switch statement is as follows:

1. Switch
   
   (
   
   value
   
   )
   
2. {
   
3. Case
   
   value_1:
   
4. //do stuff for value_1
   
5. break
   
   ;
   
6. Case
   
   value_2:
   
7. //do stuff for value_2
   
8. break
   
   ;
   
9. ………
   
10. Default
    
    :
    
11. //do stuff for default case
    
12. break
    
    ;
    
13. }
    

Note that if you want to do the same stuff for two case value, for example value_1 and value_2, you can remove “break” keyword between two case (or you don’t need to remove, but the block of code will be wordy. Example of switch statement is list as follows:

1. Random rn =
   
   new
   
   Random(
   
   )
   
   ;
   
   //create a Random object
   
2. int
   
   roll =
   
   rn.
   
   Next
   
   (
   
   1
   
   , 10
   
   )
   
   ;
   
   //generate a ramdom value between 1 and 10.
   
3. switch
   
   (
   
   roll)
   
4. {
   
5. case
   
   1
   
   :
   
6. Console.
   
   WriteLine
   
   (
   
   "roll is 1"
   
   )
   
   ;
   
7. break
   
   ;
   
8. case
   
   2
   
   :
   
9. Console.
   
   WriteLine
   
   (
   
   "roll is 2"
   
   )
   
   ;
   
10. break
    
    ;
    
11. case
    
    3
    
    :
    
12. Console.
    
    WriteLine
    
    (
    
    "roll is 3"
    
    )
    
    ;
    
13. break
    
    ;
    
14. case
    
    4
    
    :
    
    //here, we assume that when random number is 4 or 5
    
15. case
    
    5
    
    :
    
    //so we out the same string
    
16. Console.
    
    WriteLine
    
    (
    
    "roll is 4 or 5"
    
    )
    
    ;
    
17. break
    
    ;
    
18. default
    
    :
    
19. Console.
    
    WriteLine
    
    (
    
    "roll is greater than 5"
    
    )
    
    ;
    
20. break
    
    ;
    
21. }
    

Summary

In this tutorial, we have learnt a about two selection statement: if statement and switch statement. There is no different output between these statement. You just note that if you have multiple flow need to be controled, so you might want to use switch statement for short code.

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